Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. yili@umich.edu. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. yili@umich.edu. Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. fupinghx@scu.edu.cn. West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. fupinghx@scu.edu.cn.